Canopy volume reduction is quoted as a percentage of the total outermost canopy within the small branch and twig area. The aim is to keep the main shape of the tree, from which all new growth will develop.

Tree height reduction is also expressed as a percentage of the total tree height, with a proportional reduction in the crown width.

Progressive crown reduction and thinning is adopted when the tree does not have sufficient energy stored to withstand a large reduction. Undertaking the reduction in several stages allows the tree to recover and send out new shoots below the first cut, enabling the second cut or target cut to have growth already in place for the final cut to help recovery.

Crown-lifting is the removal of all branches from the trunk up to an agreed height.

Overhang removal is the reduction of excessive ‘reach’ of branches while keeping the silhouette of the tree in balance.